RECOGNIZING SYMPTOMS OF BLURRED EYES AS GLAUCOMA IN THE COMMUNITY

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world that is often undetected in its early stages. This disease is characterized by progressive damage to the optic nerve that is usually associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP). A comprehensive understanding of glaucoma is essential for general practitioners as the frontline in early detection and early management of this disease. Objective: This study aims to describe various important aspects of glaucoma, including clinical symptoms, causes, warning signs, examination, diagnosis, classification, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management that can be applied at the primary care level. In addition, this study also highlights the importance of education and prevention strategies for at-risk patients. Methods: This study used a literature review method by analyzing various relevant scientific literature sources, including journals, clinical guidelines, and ophthalmology textbooks over the past 10 years. Results: Glaucoma can be classified into open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, and other less common forms. Major risk factors include family history, advancing age, high myopia, and systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Early detection through IOP examination, fundoscopy, and perimetry is essential to prevent disease progression. Management includes pharmacological therapy with IOP-lowering agents, laser procedures, and surgical interventions for advanced cases. Patient education and preventive strategies, including routine screening, play a major role in reducing glaucoma-related blindness. Conclusion: Increasing awareness and understanding of general practitioners regarding the diagnosis and management of glaucoma is essential to support early detection and optimization of management to prevent further complications.